English Placement Test (New)

Title: The Hidden Costs of Innovation

Innovation drives economic growth, yet it also produces subtle drawbacks. When new technologies emerge, companies often replace human labor with machines, which increases efficiency but may worsen unemployment in certain sectors. Furthermore, rapid technological changes demand constant adaptation, leaving behind those without access to education or training.

Governments sometimes encourage innovation through subsidies and tax incentives, hoping to stimulate competitiveness. However, such policies often favor large corporations while smaller firms struggle to survive. Critics argue that innovation, while crucial, is rarely distributed evenly across society.

According to the passage, what is one negative effect of innovation?

Title: Urban Wildlife in Modern Cities

As cities expand, animals have begun adapting to urban life in surprising ways. Foxes hunt in suburban gardens, pigeons thrive on scraps from busy squares, and even wild boars wander through streets at night. While these sightings may appear charming, experts warn that such interactions can disrupt both human and animal behavior.

Noise, pollution, and artificial light alter the natural patterns of these species. Pigeons, for example, often nest in places that lack proper food sources, which can lead to disease spread. Moreover, larger animals may cause traffic accidents or property damage. Urban planners face the challenge of balancing development with ecological preservation.

What adaptation of animals in cities is mentioned?